Science Class VIIth Answers Of Chapter 6 – Physical And Chemical Changes

Question 1: Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes: (a) Photosynthesis (b) Dissolving sugar in water (c) Burning of coal (d) Melting of wax (e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil (f) Digestion of food

Answer 1: 

(a) Photosynthesis → Chemical change 

(b) Dissolving sugar in water → Physical change

(c) Burning of coal → Chemical change 

(d) Melting of wax → Physical change 

(e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil → Physical change

(f) Digestion of food → Chemical change 

(Note: Physical Changes are reversible whereas Chemical Changes are irreversible, i.e., original thing cannot be brought again)

Question 2: State whether the following statements are true or false. In case a statement is false, write the corrected statement in your notebook. 

(a) Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change. (True/False) 

(b) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change. (True/ 
False) 

(c) Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily. (True/False) 

(d) Iron and rust are the same substances. (True/False) 

(e) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change. (True/False)  

Answer 2: 

(a) False, Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a physical change. 

(b) False, Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change. 

(c) True.  

(Coating of iron with zinc is called galvanization and is done for  preventing iron from rust)

(d) False, Iron and rust are different substances. Rust is iron oxide  (Fe2O3)

(e) True.

Question 3: Fill in the blanks in the following statements: 
(a) When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of _________. 

(b) The chemical name of baking soda is _________.

(c) Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are _________ and ____ ____. 

(d) Changes in which only _____ __ properties of a substance change are called physical changes.

(e) Changes in which new substances are formed are called _________changes.

Answer 3: 

(a) When carbon dioxide is passed through limewater, it turns milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 

(b) The chemical name of baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

(c) Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are galvanization and painting.
(d) Changes in which only physical properties of a substance change are called physical changes.

(e) Changes in which new substances are formed are called chemical changes.

Question 4: When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it? 
Explain. 

Answer 4: When baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is mixed with lemon juice (citric acid), bubbles are formed. The bubbles are formed due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. This is a chemical change. In this change, citric acid contained in lemon juice reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate which results in the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. 
Lemon juice + Baking soda → Carbon dioxide + Other substances                      
(Lemon Juice - Citric acid) (Baking Soda -Sodium Hydrogen carbonate)

Question 5: When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical changes take place.

Answer 5: 

When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. 

Physical change → Melting of wax. 

Chemical change → Burning of wax. 

Eating of food is another example where both physical and chemical changes occur simultaneously. 

Physical change → Breaking down of larger food particles into smaller particles. 

Chemical change → Digestion of food.

Question 6: How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical change?  

Answer 6: Once the curd is formed, milk cannot be re-obtained from it. Also, both milk and curd have different properties. Since these are the properties of a chemical change, setting of curd is a chemical change.

Question 7: Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small piece are considered as two different types of changes.  

Answer 7: When we burn wood, a new substance, coal, is formed. Therefore, it is a chemical change. However, when we cut wood, only the shape and size of the wood are changed. No new substance is formed. Therefore, it is a physical change.

Question 8: Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared. 

Answer 8: Crystals of copper sulphate are prepared by the method of crystallization. The process is as follows. A cupful of water is taken in a beaker. Few drops of dilute sulphuric acid are added to this. The water is then heated and when it starts boiling, copper sulphate powder is added with stirring. Copper sulphate powder should be added on till the solution becomes saturated. It is then filtered into a china dish and allowed to cool. The solution should be kept undisturbed. Slowly, the crystals of copper sulphate separate out. 

Question 9: Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting. 

Answer 9: Rusting is aided by both moisture (water) and air (oxygen). By painting an iron gate, we prevent its contact from the air and moisture present in the atmosphere. Hence, rusting is prevented.

Question 10: Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts. 

Answer 10: Both air and moisture are required for rusting to take place. In coastal areas, the quantity of moisture present in air is more than that in deserts. In desert areas, the amount of moisture in air is even lower. Therefore, rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.  

Question 11: The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exists as a liquid. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change − A) then it burns (Change − B).

The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one. 

(i) Process A is a chemical change. 

(ii) Process B is a chemical change.

(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes.

(iv) None of these processes is a chemical change.

Answer 11: (ii) Process B is a chemical change. 

Question 12: Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (Change − A). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Change − B). 

The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one. 

(i) Process A is a chemical change.

(ii) Process B is a chemical change. 

(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes. 

(iv) None of these processes is a chemical change. 

Answer 12: (iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes as they are irreversible and produce new substances.